The
constitution of India is a unique, living organic document of the world. The
salient features of the Constitution of India can be discussed as follows:
I.
Longest
written constitution: Indian Constitution is a very detailed constitution. It
took the Assembly 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to write and enact the
Constitution.
II.
It
contains values like: democratic socialism, secularism, justice for all,
equality of Law and equality before laws,
III.
It
provides a republican ruling structure.
Note:
Republican ruling structure means; where the head of the state is not
hereditary but elected: either by the direct election or indirect election.
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IV.
Mixture
of Federalism and Unitarianism: Dual-polity, supremacy of Constitution, Written
and rigid Constitution, bicameral legislature in Centre and independent
judiciary are the basic features of the Federalism, and in India, we have
adopted all of them. But at the same time, strong Centre, refrain from using
word “Federal” in whole Constitution, Parliament’s authority over state list, single
citizenship, flexibility in amending the Constitution, disproportionate
representation of states in Council of States, provisions related to all India
services and integrated Judiciary; made India a unitary governance system.
V.
Independent
judiciary,
VI.
Enshrined
the concept of separation of powers, Art 50 of Constitution of India.
VII.
Integrated
judiciary for whole country: integrated judiciary means; in India, we have
judicial hierarchy, with Supreme Court is on its top. It exercises the appellate
jurisdiction over all other High Courts.
VIII.
Mixture
of Rigidity and Flexibility,
IX.
It
itself contains a separate chapter on Fundamental Rights,
X.
It
also provides for Directive Principles of State Policy, in the form of
directions to the state,
XI.
Parliamentary
System,
XII.
Bi-Cameral
Union Parliament:
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